The dietary needs of pregnant and lactating women. The text highlights the vital role that nutrition plays in supporting both maternal and fetal health throughout gestation. It emphasizes the increased energy and macronutrient requirements, as well as key micronutrient needs, throughout pregnancy. It also examines the critical role of breastfeeding and the composition of breast milk in providing optimal nutrition for infants. Additionally, the chapter delves into complications that can arise during pregnancy and lactation, including anemia, gestational diabetes, and hypertensive disorders. Finally, it discusses the risks associated with suboptimal breastfeeding and emphasizes the importance of breastfeeding for the health and well-being of both infants and mothers.