The U.S. Supreme Court is currently grappling with a significant case that could reshape presidential power. Former President Donald Trumps attempt to dismiss Federal Trade Commission member Rebecca Slaughter before her term ended is at the core of the dispute. This legal battle challenges a nearly century-old precedent that safeguards leaders of independent agencies from being removed without cause. The case presents the Supreme Court, with a six-to-three conservative majority, the opportunity to reverse a New Deal-era ruling from 1935, Humphreys Executor versus United States, which has long shielded these agency heads from political interference. The Trump administration argues that this old precedent is outdated and allows for a headless fourth branch of government that lacks accountability. They contend that the president should have the sole power to fire and replace leaders of independent agencies at will, despite existing legal protections. This idea is part of a legal theory called the unitary executive. The Supreme Court recently allowed President Trumps removal of Rebecca Slaughter to proceed, despite lower courts blocking it, drawing criticism from the courts three liberal justices. The case also raises questions about whether lower courts can prevent the removal of executive officials, even if those firings are deemed illegal. The Supreme Court is expected to issue its ruling by the end of June, highlighting a significant legal debate about the balance of power within the U.S. government.

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