The sermon centers on the enduring principle that believers must obey God rather than human authorities when the two conflict, drawing from Acts 5 where the apostles defy the Sanhedrin to preach the gospel. It traces the historical tension between church and state from the Roman Empire's politicized religion, through the flawed theocratic model of ancient Israel, to the medieval fusion of ecclesiastical and civil power under the Roman Catholic Church's Two Swords Doctrine. The Reformation, exemplified by Martin Luther's stand at the Diet of Worms, marks a pivotal break from this fusion, affirming that Scripture alone is the ultimate authority and that civil magistrates must be resisted when they demand disobedience to God. The sermon underscores that while Christians are to live peaceably under civil authority, they must never compromise their allegiance to Christ, who alone is Lord over all, and calls the church to discern God's will in every age, awaiting the perfect government of Christ's future reign.