- Presiding Arbitrator (or Chair): The neutral appointed to lead the arbitral panel,
often holding procedural authority and the tie-breaking vote.
- Arbitral Tribunal: The collective body of arbitrators (typically three) responsible
for hearing the case and issuing the final award.
- Party-Appointed Arbitrator: An arbitrator nominated directly by one of the
disputing sides (who is still required to be impartial).
- Institutional Counsel: Staff lawyers at an arbitral institution (like the ICC) who
scrutinize the final award for formal errors before it is released.
- Tribunal Secretary: A junior lawyer or assistant who manages the administrative
and logistical tasks of the arbitral tribunal, under the Chair's direction.
- Amicus Curiae: Literally "friend of the court," a non-party allowed to submit expert
commentary on a legal or factual point.
- Sole Arbitrator: A single neutral individual appointed to hear and decide a case,
common in less complex disputes.

- Claimant: Party starting arbitration.
- Respondent: Party the claim is against.

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