This episode looks back to the publication of the 2009 Alliance Flagship report: Systems thinking for health systems strengthening to understand the motivations and needs for such a resource at that time. We speak to members  from the Alliance, then and now, about what’s happened since the report and consider what opportunities systems thinking has for strengthening health systems today. Guests:Don de Savigny, epidemiologist and health systems specialist, and co-editor of Systems thinking for health systems strengthening: a methodological handbookTaghreed Adam, Scientist in the Research for Health Department, World Health Organization, and co-editor of Systems thinking for health systems strengthening: a methodological handbookAku Kwamie, Technical Officer at the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization