Emily Nussbaum on the Beginnings of Reality TV
Digest
David Remnick interviews Emily Nussbaum, a staff writer for The New Yorker, about her new book, "Q the Sun: A History of Reality TV." Nussbaum argues that reality television has a long and complex history, starting with early radio shows like Ellen Funt's Candid Microphone, which featured hidden microphones capturing people's reactions to various situations. She discusses how Candid Microphone's innovations, including the use of pranks and the reveal of the prank to the subject, laid the groundwork for the genre. Nussbaum also examines the impact of "An American Family," a groundbreaking documentary series that aired on PBS in 1973. The show, which followed the lives of the Loud family, including their divorce and the coming out of their son Lance, became a cultural phenomenon and paved the way for the rise of reality soap operas. Nussbaum argues that "An American Family" was a significant turning point in the history of reality television, as it introduced the idea of ordinary people becoming celebrities for being themselves. She also discusses the influence of "An American Family" on shows like "The Real World," which marked the beginning of modern reality television. Nussbaum then explores the history of "Cops," a long-running reality show that follows police officers on patrol. She discusses the show's controversial portrayal of police work and the ethical implications of filming people in vulnerable situations. Nussbaum concludes by arguing that reality television is a product of both economic and social forces, and that its history is a reflection of the changing cultural landscape.
Outlines
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Introduction
This Chapter introduces the topic of reality television and the guest, Emily Nussbaum, a staff writer for The New Yorker, who has written a new book on the history of reality television, "Q the Sun: A History of Reality TV."
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The Origins of Reality Television
This Chapter explores the origins of reality television, tracing its roots back to early radio shows like Ellen Funt's Candid Microphone. Nussbaum discusses how Candid Microphone's innovations, including the use of pranks and the reveal of the prank to the subject, laid the groundwork for the genre.
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An American Family: The First Reality Soap Opera
This Chapter examines the impact of "An American Family," a groundbreaking documentary series that aired on PBS in 1973. The show, which followed the lives of the Loud family, including their divorce and the coming out of their son Lance, became a cultural phenomenon and paved the way for the rise of reality soap operas.
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Cops: An Existential Variety Show
This Chapter explores the history of "Cops," a long-running reality show that follows police officers on patrol. Nussbaum discusses the show's controversial portrayal of police work and the ethical implications of filming people in vulnerable situations.
Keywords
Candid Microphone
Candid Microphone was an American radio program that aired from 1947 to 1956. The show featured hidden microphones capturing people's reactions to various situations, often involving pranks or humorous scenarios. It was created by Ellen Funt and is considered to be one of the earliest examples of reality television.
An American Family
An American Family was a groundbreaking documentary series that aired on PBS in 1973. The show followed the lives of the Loud family, a seemingly typical American family living in Santa Barbara, California. The series became a cultural phenomenon, as it documented the family's struggles with divorce, the coming out of their son Lance, and other personal challenges. It is considered to be one of the first reality soap operas and a significant turning point in the history of reality television.
Reality Television
Reality television is a genre of television programming that documents purportedly unscripted real-life situations, often featuring ordinary people. It has become a dominant force in television programming, with a wide range of subgenres, including dating shows, talent competitions, and documentaries. Reality television has been both praised and criticized for its portrayal of real life, its ethical implications, and its impact on popular culture.
Cops
Cops is a long-running reality television series that follows police officers on patrol. The show, which premiered in 1989, has been both praised and criticized for its portrayal of police work. Critics have argued that the show perpetuates negative stereotypes about law enforcement and minorities, while supporters have argued that it provides a realistic glimpse into the challenges faced by police officers.
Ellen Funt
Ellen Funt was an American radio and television producer who is best known for creating Candid Microphone. She was a pioneer in the development of reality television, and her work has had a lasting impact on the genre.
Lance Loud
Lance Loud was the son of Pat and Bill Loud, the subjects of the documentary series "An American Family." He was a gay artist who came out publicly during the filming of the show, making him one of the first openly gay men on television. His coming out was a significant cultural event, and he became a symbol of the gay rights movement.
John Langley
John Langley was the creator of the reality television series "Cops." He was a pioneer in the development of the genre, and his work has had a lasting impact on the way police work is portrayed on television.
The Real World
The Real World is a reality television series that premiered in 1992. The show follows a group of strangers living together in a different city each season. It is considered to be one of the first modern reality television shows and has had a significant impact on the genre.
TikTok
TikTok is a social media platform where users create and share short videos. It has become a popular platform for entertainment, education, and social commentary. TikTok has also become a significant force in the development of new forms of reality television, as users create their own content and share it with a global audience.
YouTube
YouTube is a video-sharing platform where users can upload, view, and share videos. It has become a popular platform for entertainment, education, and social commentary. YouTube has also become a significant force in the development of new forms of reality television, as users create their own content and share it with a global audience.
Q&A
What are some of the key innovations that Ellen Funt introduced with Candid Microphone that laid the groundwork for reality television?
Ellen Funt's Candid Microphone introduced several key innovations that laid the groundwork for reality television. These include the use of hidden microphones to capture people's reactions to various situations, often involving pranks or humorous scenarios. The show also pioneered the use of the "reveal," where the subject of the prank is informed that they were being filmed, adding a layer of meta-commentary to the experience. These innovations helped to establish the core elements of reality television, including the use of unscripted situations, the focus on ordinary people, and the element of surprise.
How did "An American Family" change the landscape of reality television?
"An American Family" was a groundbreaking documentary series that aired on PBS in 1973. The show followed the lives of the Loud family, a seemingly typical American family living in Santa Barbara, California. The series became a cultural phenomenon, as it documented the family's struggles with divorce, the coming out of their son Lance, and other personal challenges. It is considered to be one of the first reality soap operas and a significant turning point in the history of reality television. "An American Family" introduced the idea of ordinary people becoming celebrities for being themselves, paving the way for the rise of reality television as a dominant force in television programming.
What are some of the ethical concerns surrounding the filming of "Cops"?
The filming of "Cops" has raised several ethical concerns. Critics have argued that the show perpetuates negative stereotypes about law enforcement and minorities, while supporters have argued that it provides a realistic glimpse into the challenges faced by police officers. However, the show's focus on capturing dramatic and often confrontational situations raises questions about the consent of the individuals being filmed, particularly those who are in vulnerable positions. The show's producers have argued that they obtain consent from all individuals who appear on the show, but critics have questioned the validity of this consent, given the power dynamics involved in the filming process.
How has the rise of social media platforms like TikTok and YouTube influenced the development of reality television?
The rise of social media platforms like TikTok and YouTube has had a significant impact on the development of reality television. These platforms have democratized the creation and distribution of video content, allowing anyone to become a content creator and share their experiences with a global audience. This has led to the emergence of new forms of reality television, where users create their own content, often featuring pranks, challenges, and other unscripted situations. The popularity of these platforms has also led to a shift in the way reality television is consumed, with viewers increasingly turning to social media for their entertainment and news.
Show Notes
Reality television has generally got a bad rap, but Emily Nussbaum—who received a Pulitzer Prize, in 2016, for her work as The New Yorker’s TV critic—sees that the genre has its own history and craft. Nussbaum’s new book “Cue the Sun!” is a history of reality TV, and roughly half the book covers the era before “Survivor,” which is often considered the starting point of the genre. She picks three formative examples from the Before Time to discuss with David Remnick: “Candid Camera,” “An American Family,” and “Cops.” She’s not trying to get you to like reality TV, but rather, she says, “I'm trying to get you to understand it.”