This episode introduces the sociological study of crime and deviance in a global context. It explains how globalisation has facilitated new forms of transnational criminal activity, such as drug trafficking and cybercrime, which are difficult for individual nations to police. The sources then explore "green crime," differentiating between traditional legal definitions and a more expansive "green criminology" that considers any environmental harm a crime, regardless of legality. Finally, the text addresses state crimes and human rights violations, highlighting how a human rights framework allows for the condemnation of state actions as criminal, even when they are not illegal under a state's domestic laws, with reference to Stanley Cohen's work on state neutralisation techniques.