Debra: Giving opportunities to the less fortunate should be a moral obligation of any human being, and it is a key role for the state. To be clear, we should find the funding for preschools and not rely on luck or market forces. This issue is too important to not have a safety net.

Yes! This is more than a political or an economic question. It’s a moral question.

Harish: I want to start by noting what [we] agree on. We

agree that poverty is terrible. It is terrible when individuals

do not have running water. It is terrible when . . . they are

struggling to feed their family. It is terrible when they

cannot get health care. . . . That is all terrible, and those are all things we need to address, and none of those are

addressed just because you are going to subsidize preschool.

Why is that the case?

Hmm. Can Debra argue otherwise?

Debra: Universal full-day preschool creates significant

economic savings in health care as well as decreased crime, welfare dependence, and child abuse.

Harish: High-quality preschools will reduce crime. Maybe,

but so would other measures in terms of crime prevention.

Debra: High-quality preschool boosts high school

graduation rates.

Harish: High-quality preschools can lead to huge

improvements in individuals’ lives. Maybe, but I’m not sure if you massively increase the number of people going to preschool, they’re all gonna be the ones going to the high-quality preschools.

Uh-oh. Harish is right: there’s a risk that children from the poorest families will end up in the worst preschools. I’m starting to rethink my position.

Harish: Even when you subsidize preschools, it doesn’t

mean that all individuals go. . . . The question is, who do you help? And the people you don’t help are those individuals who are the poorest. You give unfair and exaggerated gains to those individuals who are in the middle class.

Point taken. Since preschool won’t be free, the underprivileged still might not be able to afford it. Now I’m torn about where I stand.

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#think_day66

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📚هایلایت قسمت 66 کتاب Think Again

✅ Make up one’s mind: To decide something, تصمیم گرفتن

✅ The less fortunate: people who are poor or disadvantaged, افراد کم‌بهره‌تر / فقیرتر

✅ Moral obligation: something you feel you ought to do because it’s the right thing, وظیفه‌ی اخلاقی

✅ Key role: an important or central part, نقش کلیدی

✅ To be clear: to make sure what you say is understood, برای روشن‌تر گفتن / برای اینکه واضح باشه

✅ Rely on luck: depend on chance rather than planning, تکیه کردن به شانس

✅ Market forces: the influence of supply and demand on prices, نیروهای بازار (عرضه و تقاضا)

✅ Safety net: system that protects people from hardship, تور حمایتی / حمایت اجتماعی

✅ Moral question: an issue related to right and wrong, مسئله‌ی اخلاقی

✅ Note what we agree on: acknowledge points of agreement, یادآوری نقاط توافق

✅ Running water: water that flows through pipes to taps, آب لوله‌کشی

✅ Struggle to feed one’s family: to have difficulty providing food for the family, سختی کشیدن برای سیر کردن خانواده

✅ Address an issue: to deal with or try to solve a problem, رسیدگی کردن به مسئله

✅ Subsidize preschool: provide financial support for early education, کمک‌هزینه دادن به پیش‌دبستانی

✅ Universal full-day preschool: early education available to everyone all day, پیش‌دبستانی سراسری تمام‌وقت

✅ Economic savings: reduction in costs or spending, صرفه‌جویی اقتصادی

✅ Welfare dependence: relying on government assistance, وابستگی به کمک‌های دولتی

✅ Crime prevention: actions taken to stop crime, پیشگیری از جرم

✅ Boost graduation rates: increase the number of students who finish school, افزایش نرخ فارغ‌التحصیلی

✅ Lead to improvements: cause positive changes, منجر شدن به پیشرفت‌ها

✅ Massively increase: increase by a large amount, به مقدار زیاد افزایش دادن

✅ High-quality preschools: well-run, effective early education programs, پیش‌دبستانی‌های باکیفیت

✅ End up in: eventually reach or be in a situation, در نهایت در جایی قرار گرفتن

✅ Rethink one’s position: reconsider one’s opinion, دوباره نظر خود را بازنگری کردن

✅ Subsidize (v.): to help pay the cost of something, یارانه دادن / کمک‌هزینه دادن

✅ Unfair and exaggerated gains: benefits that are not justified or too large, سودهای ناعادلانه و اغراق‌آمیز

✅ Middle class: the social group between rich and poor, طبقه متوسط

✅ Point taken: I understand and accept your point, نکته‌ات را گرفتم / حرفت وارد است

✅ The underprivileged: people who have fewer advantages, افراد محروم

✅ Afford something: to have enough money to pay for it, استطاعت مالی داشتن

✅ Be torn about: be uncertain or conflicted between options, دودل بودن / مردد بودن

✅ Where I stand: my opinion or position on an issue, موضع یا نظر من