Of course, it’s possible that Harish won because the audience was biased against the computer and rooting for the human. It’s worth noting, though, that Harish’s approach in that debate is the same one that he’s used to defeat countless humans on international

stages. What amazes me is that the computer was able to master multiple complex capabilities while completely missing this crucial one.

After studying 10 billion sentences, a computer was able to say something funny—a skill that’s normally thought to be confined to sentient beings with high levels of social and emotional intelligence.

The computer had learned to make a logical argument and even anticipate the other side’s counterargument. Yet it hadn’t learned to agree with elements of the other side’s argument, apparently because

that behavior was all too rarely deployed across 400 million articles by humans. They were usually too busy preaching their arguments,

prosecuting their enemies, or politicking for audience support to grant a valid point from the other side.

When I asked Harish how to improve at finding common

ground, he offered a surprisingly practical tip. Most people immediately start with a straw man, poking holes in the weakest version of the other side’s case. He does the reverse: he considers the strongest version of their case, which is known as the steel man. A politician might occasionally adopt that tactic to pander or persuade, but like a good scientist, Harish does it to learn. Instead of trying to dismantle the argument that preschool is good for kids, Harish accepted that the point was valid, which allowed him to relate to his opponent’s perspective—and to the audience’s. Then it was perfectly fair and balanced for him to express his concerns about whether a subsidy would give the most underprivileged kids access to preschool.

Drawing attention to common ground and avoiding defend-attack spirals weren’t the only ways in which Harish resembled expert negotiators. He was also careful not to come on too strong

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📚هایلایت قسمت 71 کتاب Think Again

✅ Bias against: Having an unfair preference or prejudice against something, تمایل منفی نسبت به چیزی

✅ Rooting for: Supporting or cheering for someone, طرفداری کردن از

✅ Master a skill: Become very skilled at something, استاد شدن در یک مهارت

✅ Social and emotional intelligence: Ability to understand and manage emotions and social interactions, هوش اجتماعی و هیجانی

✅ Anticipate a counterargument: Expect and prepare for the other side’s argument, پیش‌بینی و آماده شدن برای پاسخ مخالف

✅ Grant a point: Acknowledge that part of the other side’s argument is valid, قبول کردن درست بودن بخشی از حرف طرف مقابل

✅ Preach an argument: Try to convince others of your point in a forceful way, تبلیغ کردن یک استدلال

✅ Prosecute enemies: Attack or criticize opponents, متهم یا مورد حمله قرار دادن دشمنان

✅ Politick for support: Actively seek approval or votes from others, سیاست‌بازی کردن برای جلب حمایت

✅ Find common ground: Identify shared beliefs or interests, یافتن زمینه مشترک

✅ Straw man: Misrepresenting the weakest version of an argument to refute it, یک استدلال ضعیف طرف مقابل را ضعیف‌تر، ساده‌تر یا اشتباه‌تر نشان می‌دهی(تحریف میکنی) تا راحت‌تر شکستش بدهی

✅ Steel man: Presenting the strongest version of the opponent’s argument, تقویت و در نظر گرفتن بهترین نسخه از استدلال طرف مقابل

✅ Pander: Say what others want to hear to gain favor, چاپلوسی یا خشنود کردن دیگران برای جلب رضایت

✅ Persuade: Convince someone to believe or do something, متقاعد کردن

✅ Draw attention to: Focus notice on something, جلب توجه کردن به

✅ Defend-attack spiral: A cycle where people keep defending and attacking, چرخه دفاع و حمله

✅ Come on strong: Behave too aggressively or forcefully, با شدت یا پرخاشگری ظاهر شدن

✅ Relate to someone: Understand or connect with someone’s perspective, همدلی کردن با کسی

✅ Subsidy: Financial support provided by the government, یارانه

✅ Underprivileged: Lacking basic resources or opportunities, محروم یا کم‌برخوردار