Video games are a more

concentrated form of play than board games. Compared to nature,

these pleasure-packed experiences are hard to resist. We have the

brains of our ancestors but temptations they never had to face.

If you want to increase the odds that a behavior will occur, then you

need to make it attractive. Throughout our discussion of the 2nd Law,

our goal is to learn how to make our habits irresistible. While it is not

possible to transform every habit into a supernormal stimulus, we can

make any habit more enticing. To do this, we must start by

understanding what a craving is and how it works.

We begin by examining a biological signature that all habits share—

the dopamine spike.

THE DOPAMINE-DRIVEN FEEDBACK LOOP

Scientists can track the precise moment a craving occurs by measuring

a neurotransmitter called dopamine.* The importance of dopamine

became apparent in 1954 when the neuroscientists James Olds and

Peter Milner ran an experiment that revealed the neurological

processes behind craving and desire. By implanting electrodes in the

brains of rats, the researchers blocked the release of dopamine. To the

surprise of the scientists, the rats lost all will to live. They wouldn’t eat.

They wouldn’t have sex. They didn’t crave anything. Within a few days,

the animals died of thirst.

In follow-up studies, other scientists also inhibited the dopamine releasing parts of the brain, but this time, they squirted little droplets

of sugar into the mouths of the dopamine-depleted rats. Their little rat

faces lit up with pleasurable grins from the tasty substance. Even

though dopamine was blocked, they liked the sugar just as much as

before; they just didn’t want it anymore. The ability to experience

pleasure remained, but without dopamine, desire died. And without

desire, action stopped.

When other researchers reversed this process and flooded the

reward system of the brain with dopamine, animals performed habits

at breakneck speed. In one study, mice received a powerful hit of

dopamine each time they poked their nose in a box. Within minutes,

the mice developed a craving so strong they began poking their nose

into the box eight hundred times per hour. (Humans are not so

different: the average slot machine player will spin the wheel six

hundred times per hour.)

🟢📚هایلایت قسمت ۷۱ کتاب عادت های اتمی 📚🟢

✅ concentrated : متمرکز

✅ board : تخته

✅ natural : طبیعی

✅ pleasure-packed: پر از لذت

✅ experience: تجربه

✅ resist: رد کردن

✅ ancestors: اجداد

✅ temptation : وسوسه

✅ increase : افزایش دادن

✅ behavior : رفتار

✅ occur: اتفاق افتادن

✅ attractive : جذاب

✅ discussion : بحث

✅ irresistible : مقاومت ناپذیر

✅ transform : تغییر شکل دادن

✅ supernormal : خارق العاده

✅ biological : زیستی

✅ signature : شاخص

✅ precise : دقیق

✅ measuring: اندازه گیری

✅ neurotransmitter : پیام رسان عصبی

✅ importance : اهمیت

✅ apparent : ظاهر، آشکار

✅ reveal: آشکار کردن

✅ implanting : کاشتن

✅ inhibit: جلوگیری کردن

✅ squirt: پاشیدن

✅ droplets : قطره های کوچک

✅ lit up : درخشیدن

✅ pleasurable : لذت بخش

✅ tasty: خوشمزه

✅ substance : ماده

✅ flood: پر کردن

✅ reverse: برعکس کردن

✅ breakneck : زیاد و وحشتناک

✅ per hour : در هر ساعت

➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

🌟اگر واستون مفید یا جالب بود لطفا به دوستاتونم معرفی کنید❣️

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